Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a common condition that affects many women during the menstrual cycle. Premenstrual syndrome has a wide variety of signs and symptoms, including mood swings, tender breasts, food cravings, fatigue, irritability and depression. It's estimated that as many as 3 of every 4 menstruating women have experienced some form of premenstrual syndrome.

Symptoms:

• Physical Symptoms:
• Bloating or water retention
• Breast tenderness or swelling
• Headaches or migraines
• Fatigue or lack of energy
• Acne or other skin problems
• Joint or muscle pain
• Cramps or abdominal pain
   
• Emotional Symptoms:
• Mood swings
• Irritability or anger
• Anxiety or nervousness
• Depression or feelings of sadness
• Difficulty concentrating or focusing
• Insomnia or trouble sleeping
• Changes in appetite or food cravings
   
• Behavioural Symptoms:
• Social withdrawal or isolation
• Decreased sex drive
• Poor work or school performance
• Changes in alcohol or drug use
• Changes in exercise or physical activity level
• Suicidal thoughts or behaviour (in rare cases)

Causes

Hormonal changes: PMS is thought to be related to fluctuations in estrogen and progesterone levels during the menstrual cycle. These hormonal changes can affect neurotransmitters in the brain, leading to emotional symptoms of PMS.

Genetics: There may be a genetic component to PMS, as some women are more likely to experience PMS symptoms than others.

Environmental factors: Stress, lack of sleep, poor diet, and other environmental factors can contribute to PMS symptoms.

Other underlying health conditions: Certain health conditions, such as depression, anxiety, thyroid disorders, or endometriosis, may increase the risk of PMS or exacerbate symptoms.