Cataract
Cataract refers to the dense cloudy formation in the normally clear lens of the eye. It develops slowly and may affect daily activities gradually. There are different types of cataracts based on where and how they develop in the eye.
- Nuclear cataracts: forms in the middle of the lens and it gradually turns yellow or brown in colour.
- Cortical cataracts: wedge-shaped streaks that form around the edges of the lens.
- Posterior subcapsular cataracts: forms and progresses faster and affects the back of the lens.
- Congenital cataracts: a condition that is present from birth.
- Secondary cataracts: cataracts caused by another disease, underlying conditions or medications.
- Traumatic cataract: cataracts that develop following an injury to the eye.
- Radiation cataracts: cataracts that form after undergoing radiation treatment, usually for cancers.
Causes
Cataract can develop from several factors including:
- Ageing
- Injury to eye
- Smoking
- Genetic disorders
- Ultraviolet radiation
- Past eye surgery
- Long term use of steroids
- Certain diseases, such as diabetes
- Trauma
- Radiation therapy
Symptoms
- Blurry or cloudy vision
- Trouble seeing at night
- Double vision (in the affected eye)
- Fading of colours
- Increased sensitivity to light and glare
- Need for frequent changes in prescription glasses
- Perceiving ‘halos’ around lights
- Needing bright light for activities like reading and writing.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of cataract includes:
- Review of symptoms
- Medical history
- Eye examination
- Eye chart test
- Tonometry
- Retinal exam
- Visual acuity test
- Slit-lamp examination
Prevention
Possible prevention methods for cataracts include:
- Regular eye examinations
- Quit or avoid smoking and alcohol
- Manage conditions like diabetes
- Use sunglasses to protect the eye from ultraviolet radiation.
Treatment
Surgery is the major treatment option available for cataracts. It is mostly recommended when prescription glasses fail to clear your vision
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