Sarcoidosis
Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory condition that affects several organs but most commonly the lungs and skin. It also affects the lymph nodes, eyes, heart, muscles, kidneys and nervous system. Sarcoidosis is a rare condition that may last for years and may cause damage to organs.
Causes
The exact cause of sarcoidosis is unknown. Research suggests some of the possible causes which includes:
- Autoimmune disorder
- Genetic predisposition
- Bacteria and viruses
- Certain chemicals
Symptoms
Signs and symptoms of sarcoidosis varies depending on the organ that is affected. Some of the common symptoms include:
- Fatigue
- Fever
- Weight loss
- Joint pain
- Swelling in joint
- Swollen lymph nodes
- Dry mouth
- Nosebleeds
- Abdominal swelling
Lung symptoms:
- Dry cough
- Shortness of breath
- Wheezing
- Chest pain
- Persistent dry cough
- Discomfort in chest
Skin symptoms:
- Nodules
- Patches of dry and lighter skin
- Skin rashes
- Sores on the nose, cheeks and ears
Heart symptoms:
- Arrhythmia
- Shortness of breath
- Chest pain
- Heart palpitations
- Fatigue
Diagnosis
- Review of signs and symptoms
- Physical examination
- Blood tests
- Urine tests
- Imaging tests
- CT
- Chest X-ray
- Electrocardiogram
- MRI
- PET
- Lung function tests
- Biopsy
Prevention
The exact preventive measure for sarcoidosis is not known. Possible ways to reduce the risk of the condition includes:
- Avoid smoking
- Avoid alcohol consumption
- Avoid exposure to toxics, chemicals or irritants.
Treatment
Sarcoidosis has no cure but in most of the cases, the condition goes on its own without treatment. When treatment is required, medications are mostly used.
- Medications such as corticosteroids, TNF inhibitors and immune system suppressors are used in the treatment of sarcoidosis.
- Depending on the severity of the condition and the organ affected, other treatment measures may be required such as oxygen therapy.
- Surgical treatment such as organ transplant may be required if any organ is severely affected.
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